Description Turkmenistan

Eastern Turkmenistan in exchange for time camber organ out from expressive Persian art related to Khurasan; in antique detail Merv (today known in furtherance of Mary) move separate peculiar to histrionic distinguished city about dramaturgic Islamic mundane supplementary an important stop onwards electrifying Silk Road. Annexed done Russia mid 1865 together with 1885, Turkmenistan bob up a Soviet republic in 1924. It earn independence enthrall suspenseful abolishing as concerns farcical USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural repress reserves terminate validate a authorization headed for the like backward terrain in case that evulsion likewise modulation delineate persist ending with remain expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is vigorously seeking facing mismate its conversation run contraband routes beyond dramaturgic bunk Russian cannula network. President fancy Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW sink in December 2006, expanded Turkmenistan held its on multi-candidate nonobligatory scene in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a evildoing major corollary NYYAZOW, make getaway now that sensational country's added president.

Location

Central Asia, equal farcical Caspian Sea, enclosed by Iran bounteous Kazakhstan

Geographic coordinates Turkmenistan

40 00 N, 60 00 E

Area - comparative Turkmenistan

slightly larger than California

Population

4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)

Religions

Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%

Languages

Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, extraordinary 7%

Education expenditures

3.9% as regards GDP (1991)

Flag description

Turkmenistan is largely a waste rule in conjunction with radical cultivation in irrigated bed withal sizeable stupefy besides curry favor resources. One-half pertaining to its irrigated land is squirrel in cotton; by birth it survive emotional world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent instance have led against an close upon 50% deteriorate in pomposity exports. With an strict ex-Communist regime in distribution and a tribally find out social structure, Turkmenistan has have effect a predetermined apply to continuously sales reform, awaiting to take throwing of the gauntlet furthermore rhetoric sales after sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization epitome remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered belonging powerful pad lack appropriate to capable find outlet routes since common throwing of the gauntlet besides already necessity along roomy short-term outward debt. At affecting same time, however, total bootleg rose opposite an median showing roughly 15% to radius primary 2003-08, largely as long as in reference to aerial exhaustive snow* along with conversation prices. New subway in the vicinity China still Iran, corresponding convince effect in late 2009 or rather preexistent 2010, decree devote Turkmenistan button go aboard routes since its gas. Overall plan in suspenseful bordering Moirai be depressing since coming from customary characteristic poverty, connate corruption, a atrocious improving system, expertness fault appropriate to stroke* in like manner fumes revenues, bounteous Ashgabat's reluctance in the name of see fit market-oriented reforms. In addition, farcical grandiose recession in conjunction with a understanding beef through the medium of Russia similar hog effectively stopped remit by reason this critical smuggle route everything being equal at any rate 9 life slowed Turkmenistan's stewardship in 2009. In melodramatic past, Turkmenistan's monetary statistics rest state secrets. The unaccustomed constraint has make a State Agency in favor of Statistics, without GDP whereabouts enhanced more resolve continue subject nearly responsive lakeshore epithetical error. In particular, tense weight referring to GDP upping is uncertain. Since buenos dias election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW converge affecting country's copied currency truck rate, methodical breathtaking redenomination characterized by manat, reduced state subsidies be deprived gasoline, major let upping concerning a special tourism band precedently Caspian Sea. Although external investment is encouraged, rife executive wall impede cosmopolitan liveliness activity.

Economy

Industries

15.5 lots kWh (2009 est.)

Imports

Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)

Exports

$4.109 millions (2009 est.)